One of the thriving non-native species introduced to North America is leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). Leafy spurge is a noxious perennial weed that has rapidly spread across much of North America, especially throughout the western provinces and states. It will readily establish itself in a variety of environments, and it is quick to take advantage of disturbed sites. Gravel pits are frequent victims of leafy spurge infestations due to regular disturbances and the routine transport of gravel. They are considered to be critical priority treatment areas.